Gate valves are so named because they close off the flow of water through a pipe just as gates in fences prevent passage from one side to the other. Gate valves have a wedge-shaped internal plunger that is raised and lowered into a housing, properly called a “valve bonnet,” by the twisting of a stem. This design ensures that, when fully open, the valves have the same bore as the pipe they interrupt; they do not constrict flow at all. Gate valves typically have a round handle at the end of the stem that looks like a small boat helm; these handles are often painted red.
1 Turn the water supply off for the home at the main supply valve.